2.9.08 Math Math and yes, More Math

Day of the in class demonstration of the bike ergometer GXT.

As stated in the title, this is a lot of math. If you weren't there, I would suggest getting together with Tom or someone else. Pretty in-depth lecture.

ACSM pg. 289 pkt. pg. 14 VO2

How much oxygen is a person taking in and consuming at a given level of submaximal exercise?

Walking test: Usually on a treadmill-must control speed

Stationary bike: cannot be used on just any stationary bike-must provide info on workload. Ergometer (work measure)- can measure workload.

Arm ergometer:arm cranking- generally for people who cannot use bike, lower extremity problems.

Stepping test: Macartyl Step test

We use these equations to estimate submax VO2. There is a linear relationship between HR & VO2. Relationship begins over 110HR.

GRAPH

Our major goal is to get two data points to estimate VO2max. Need age to estimate HRmax.

Say we have two people who are 30 years old. They both should be able to get to a HR of 190 (200-30).

Walking:
Best used at speeds from 1.9 mph-3.7 mph as long as they are truly walking.

VO2= (.1)(s)+(1.8)(s)(g)+3.5

Where s=speed of treadmill (reported in meters/min.)
g=grade or incline (1% = .01)

miles per hour x 26.8 = meters per min.

mpm/26.8 = miles per hour

VO2 = HC + VC + RC

HR is horizontal component (distance or speed)
VC is vertical component (incline or grade)
RC is the rest component (VO2rest)

VO2rest is .1m/kg/min to get 1m in 1 min. (for everyone)
The difference is the HR it takes to do this.

Say we get on the treadmill going 4mph.

VO2 = .1(4x26.8)+0+3.5= 10.72+3.5= 14.22 ml/kg/min (pg. 289-all units are ml/kg/min)

What about 4mph with a 12% grade?

VO2= .1(107.2)+1.8(107.2)(.12)+3.5= 37.3752 ml/kg/min.

Running: Best used at speeds of 5mph but can be used with validity from 3-5mph.

VO2= (.2)(s)+(.9)(s)(g)+3.5

.2 is because it takes twice as much oxygen to run at the same speed as it does to walk.

La Luz Trail: 12% grade 9 miles long 1hr.: 45min. (105 min.)

9/105min. x 60min./hr. = 540 (5..14 mph)

.2(137.752)+.9(137.752)(.12)+3.5= 45.93ml/kg/min.

pkt. pg. 16 MEMORIZE kcals/min.

METS x 3.5= VO2 so VO2 x BW(in kg)/ 200

(45.93 x 71kg)/200 = 16.39 kcals/min. x 105 min. = 1720.8 kcals burned going up LLT.

Bike Ergometer:

VO2 =1.8 (workrate/BW in kg) +3.5+3.5

workrate is resistance & cadence (Friction is measured in kg or kp (kiloponds))

kg and kp are THE SAME

Workrate = kg x m/rev. x rev./min.

kg is the friction
m/rev is dependent on the bike ergometer type: Monarch =6, Bodyguard & Tunturi =3
rev/min is the cadence (dictated by the protocol being used)

Pg. 74 ACSM
Pg. 27 pkt.

Example: Monarch, 90rpm, 1.5 kp

1.5x6x (90/min)=(810 kgm/min)/ 6 = 135 Watts (power a lightbulb for one min.)

Maryann's Bike Ergometer Test YMCA Protocol

Pg. 84 pkt.

I 0-1 nothing
1-2 15 HR, 7RPE
2-3 145/80, 16HR, 7RPE

Pg. 74 (1.5 kg @ 50rpm)

II 3-4 nothing
4-5 18HR, 8RPE
5-6 155/80, 18HR, 9RPE

III 6-7 nothing
7-8 20HR, 14RPE
8-9 165/78, 22HR, 14RPE
9-10 175/80, 22, 15RPE

HRmax =220-54

70%= 116 (19HR)
85% = 141 (23HR)

Weight 205/ 2.2= 93.18 kg

Cool down is 4 min. (collect everything for all 4 min.)

10-11 175/80, 19HR, 12RPE
11-12 170/70, 17HR, 11RPE
12-13 165/75, 16HR, 11RPE

VO2= 1.8 (1.5x6x50)/93.18+3.5+3.5= 15.69 ml/kg/min.

Mathmatical formula to extrapolate HRmax
b=slope= (SM2 - SM)/ (HR2 - HR)

VO2max = SM2 + b (HRmax - HR2)

b= (18.59 - 15.69)/ (132 - 108) = .12

VO2 max = 18.59 + .12 (166-132)
VO2 max = 22.67 VO2 peak probably

pg. 46 pkt. Average Category
pg. 47 For biking program 50-60% of VO2max
Fat loss-closer to 50
Interval 60-50-60-50 etc.

Assign Homework 1

2-2-08 Assessing Cardio Respiratory Fitness

CRF: Refers to body's ability to deliver oxygen to & carbon dioxide from working muscles.
Measured by VO2max (Maximal Oxygen Consumption)
Higher VO2max, the better shape you are in.

VO2max can be reported in two ways:
1. Relative to weight 10-90ml kg^-1 min^-1 (relative terms)
OR
2. Absolute terms (based on absolute difference between people)

pkt. pg. 32-33
Before you can improve someone's cardiorespiratory fitness, you have to know their present fitness level.
3 major types of tests to extimate VO2max.

1.Feild tests-many of these
Does not require expensive equipment. Most commonly used- Rockport 1 mile walk test.

2. Maximal
3. Sub-maximal Graded Exercise Tests (GXT)
The difference between 2&3 is when you terminate the test.
Max: Until athlete is completely fatigued. Ideally @HRmax (220-age) but max test HRmax is mode specific.

HRpeak
VO2peak > not able to get VO2max or HRmax with some modes eg smaller muscle groups, etc.

Submax: terminated @70-85 % of HRmax

Example: 220-46= 174
.7(174)=122
.85(174)=148- the closer you get to 85% the better the data you collect.

Submax (& max) Test Procedures:

Stage 1 warm up
Stage 2 and up - increase intensity (incline and speed) progressively

typically a stage lasts 2-3 min. based on what protocol you use (YMCA=3min., ACSM=2min.)


YMCA Test
Stage 1 Min. 0-1: no physiological data collected
min. 1-2 collect in order: 10sec HR, RPE, Signs/Symptoms
min. 2-3 collect in order: BP, HR, RPE, S/S

Do I graduate the person to stage 2? Must have a steady state HR.
Steady State= HR within +or-1 bpm (10sec HR) or +or-5 bpm (60sec HR)

Extend stage one if +or-2 bpm. and collect in order BP, HR, RPE, S/S

If any of the HRs are within +or-1 bpm (not just consecutive ones) you can graduate them.

Stage 2: Tell them you are going to increase intensity
min. 4-5 no data collected
5-6 HR, RPE, S/S
6-7 BP, HR, RPE, S/S
Steady state to graduate

Terminate test between .7-.85 HRmax

Good data: > or = 110bpm minimum HR
ideally 85% HRmax



Steady state is the average of 2 HRs. Data is unreliable under 110 bpm. Must use data above 110 bpm.

GXT
1. Informed consent pkt pg. 17-18, ACSM 52-54
7 parts
a. explaination
b. risk
c. responsibilities
d. benefits
e questions
f. medical records
g. consent

2. Record
a. age
b. weight
c. height-hands on waist, inhalation, 5 point contact on wall
d. gender
e. estimated HRmax
f. HRrest-full min HR
g. BPrest- 70-85% HRmax (regardless of mode)

3. Instructions and PRACTICE-let the client get used to the machine.

4. Initiate test
a. warm up usually included in protocol
b. gradually increase in speed or grade/resistance or both ever 2-3 min. Allow for steady state HR.
c. FOLLOW STANDARDIZED PROCEDURE PROTOCOL: - HR,S/S @ end of 2nd min. - BP, HR, RPE, S/S @ end of 3rd min.
In a 2 min. stage, you collect data from 0-1 min of each stage. (need two HRs)
pg. 27 pkt
pg 74 ACSM

Termination of GXT
1. VO2max is reached/submax HR is reached
2. Abnormal signs/symptoms
- terminate the test:
dizziness, mental confusion, staggering, unsteadiness
angina or claudication
nausea
marked/abnormal dyspnea
cyanosis or pallor
severe fatigue
severe facial distress

3. Subject Asks to Stop
4. Abnormal BP response - SBP decreases by >or=20mmHg with increased intensity
MEMORIZE: SBP > 260mmHg (not during resistance training)
DBP: >115 mmHg

5. 70-85% of HRmax is acheived (during submax)
6.Malfunction of equipment - don't restart test that day
7. Various EKG responses

Walking Feild Test- Rockport 1 mile walk test
Most commonly used to estimate VO2max in general population
All field usually able to test many ppl @ same time

Ideally on a flat track
Loop
During this test-tell them to walk 1 mile as fast as tehy can (1 part of 1 ft. is always in contact with the ground)
1. Time to the closest second.
2. within 5sec of stopping take 10sec. HR
3. Gender
4. Age
5. Body weight

pkt pg. 21-23

Example 50 year old female, 155 lbs., HR 25, time 15:15

27.4 if you use charts

28.3 =132.853-0.1692(155/2.2)-0.3877(50)+6.315 (0)-3.2649(15.25)-0.1565(150) if you use the equation.